Real - Time Performance of Dynamic Memory Allocation Algorithms Isabelle Puaut

نویسنده

  • Isabelle Puaut
چکیده

Dynamic memory management is an important aspect of modern software engineering techniques. However, developers of real-time systems avoid to use it because they fear that the worst-case execution time of the dynamic memory allocation routines is not bounded or is bounded with a too important bound. The degree to which this concern is valid is quantiied in this paper, by giving detailed average and worst-case measurements of the timing performances of a comprehensive panel of dynamic memory allocators (sequential ts, indexed ts, segregated ts, buddy systems). For each allocator, we compare its worst-case behavior obtained analytically, with (i) the worst timing behavior observed by executing real and synthetic workloads, (ii) its average timing performance. We also quantify on a real workload (a MPEG player) the impact of the allocators worst-case allocation times on the workload end-to-end execution time. The results provide a guideline to developers of real-time systems to choose whether to use dynamic memory management or not, and which dynamic allocation algorithm should be preferred from the viewpoint of predictability. Performance Temps-r eel d'Algorithmes d'Allocation Dynamique de M emoire R esum e : La gestion dynamique de la m emoire est un el ement important dans les m ethodes modernes de d eveloppement des logiciels. Toutefois, les concepteurs de syst emes temps-r eel evitent d'allouer dynamiquement de la m emoire, car ils craignent que le pire temps pour allouer/lib erer de la m emoire ne soit pas born e ou que la borne soit trop im-portante. Nous nous int eressons dans cet article a evaluer dans quelle mesure une telle crainte est justii ee, en evaluant les temps d'allocation et lib eration (en moyenne et au pire) d'un large eventail d'allocateurs dynamique de m emoire. Pour chaque allocateur m emoire, nous comparons son pire comportement temporel obtenu par analyse de l'algorithme avec (i) son pire comportement eeectivement observ e sur des applications de charge (synth etique et r eelle) (ii) son comportement temporel moyen. Nous examinons egalement sur une application r eelle (un d ecodeur MPEG) l'impact des temps pire cas de gestion dynamique de la m emoire sur les temps d'ex ecution de l'application. Les r esultats pr esent es dans cette article fournissent des guides aux concepteurs de syst emes temps-r eel pour savoir s'ils doivent ou non utiliser de l'allocation dynamique de m emoire, et quel algorithme de gestion dynamique de m emoire est le plus …

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Real-Time Performance of Dynamic Memory Allocation Algorithms

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تاریخ انتشار 2002